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- The Inuit People
- Inuit: A People Preserved By Ice
-
- Thousands of years ago, during the last ice age, mile-thick glaciers
- covered a vast portion of North America, and the Asian continent was
- joined to North America by a land bridge. The Arctic areas of Alaska,
- Beringia, and Siberia were free of ice. Vast herds of caribou,
- muskoxen, and bison migrated to these plains. Following them were the
- nomadic Asian ancestors of today's Inuit and Indians. The doorway to
- Asia closed about three or four thousand years later as the glaciers
- receded and melted. These people: the Inuit (meaning the people),
- adapted to their harsh tundra environment and developed a culture that
- remained untainted for a long time.
- The Inuit people relied solely on hunting for their existence. With
- summers barely lasting two months, agriculture was non-existent.
- Animals such as caribou and seal were vital. Groups of hunters would
- stalk and kill many caribou with fragile bows made of driftwood, and
- their bounty was split evenly amongst the tribe. Bone spears were
- fashioned to hunt seals which provided food, oil, clothes, and tents.
- The seal skins were also used to construct kayaks and other boats that
- the Inuit would use to travel and to hunt whales. One advantage of the
- sterile cold of the arctic was that it kept these people free of disease
- (until they met the white man.)
- Inuit tribes consisted of two to ten loosely joined families. There
- was no one central leader in the group: all decisions were made by the
- community as a whole. Nor was there any definite set of laws; the Inuit,
- though usually cheery and optimistic, were prone to uncontrolled bursts
- of rage. Murder was common amongst them and it went unpunished unless
- an individual's murders occured too often. At that point, that person
- was deemed unstable, and the community appointed a man to terminate
- him/her.
- In their society, the duties of men and women were strictly separated.
- The males would hunt, fish and construct the tools used by the family.
- Women, however, were responsible for cleaning the animal skins, cooking,
- sewing the clothes ( a woman's sewing ability was equally as attractive
- to a man as her beauty was), and raising the children. Male children
- were preferred because they could care for their parents in their old
- age; female children when often strangled soon after birth.
- Although today Christianity has breached some of the southernmost
- tribes, the vast majority practice a form of animism. Their rituals are
- based mainly on the hunt and the handling of slain animals. Magic
- talismans and charms are believed to control spirits, and shamans are
- consulted in the case of injury or illness. There are traces of beliefs
- in an afterlife or reincarnation, but they are very minor.
- The Inuit people, like many other tribal minorities, are greatly
- stereotyped and misunderstood by the common man. For example: the Inuit
- word igloo means house and can refer to the cabins made of sod that most
- Inuit occupy. Also, the word Eskimo is a misnomer meaning "eaters of
- raw flesh" given to the Inuit by the Algonquin Indians. This is a
- simple culture that remained undisturbed until whales became a precious
- commodity. Their isolation is slowly coming to an end as western
- civilization puts them into government housing and snowmobiles are
- increasing as a means of transportation. They are beautifully
- eccentric, and we must work to preserve their culture.
-
- References: "Seasons of the Eskimo: A Vanishing Way of Life" by Fred
- Bruemmer; Microsoft Encarta96 Encyclopedia; Microsoft Bookshelf.